Pneumatic and self-playing musical apparatus.



R. A. GALLY. PNEUMATIC AND SELF PLAYING MUSIGAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION ruin MAY 11, 1903.

Patented June 30,1914.

copUlAlIA WIN omvuummou. D. c.

I R. GALLY. PNEUMATIC AND SELF PLAYING MUSICAL APPARATUS.

1 LYPLIOLTIOK FILED MAY 11, 1903. 1,101,919. Patented June 30,1914.

I SHEETS-SHEET 2.

col-Um Wu! omamlnmmc.

R. A. GALLY. I PNEUMATIC AND SELF PLAYING MUSICAL APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 11, 1903. Patented 111116.30, 1914.

'1 sums-Gum R. A. GALLY. PNEUMATIOxAND SELF PLAYING MUSICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 11, 1903. 1 101 91 9 Patented June 30,1914.

'! SHEETS-SHEET 4.

R. A. GALLY.

PNEUMATIC AND SELF P LAYING MUSICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION TILED MAY 11 1903.

. Patented June 30, 1 914.

7 SHEETSSHEET 5.

7 j/o w ,9 ,10 w 1E; ($0 W m a w COLUMBIA PLANOGRAFH 00.. "MW II. c.

R. A. GALLY. PNEUMATIC AND SELF PLAYING MUSICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION TILED MAY 11 1903.

Patented June 30, 19%- 'I SHEETS-BHEET 6.

coLunllA vuuoamu 00.. WASHINGTON. n. c.

R. A. GALLY.

PNBUMATIO AND SELF PLAYING MUSICAL APPARATUS. APPLIOATION FILED MAY11,1901-!.

1,101,919. Patented June 30,191

'! SHEETS-SHEET 7.

coyuuu PLANonRAPn CAXCWASHINGM u. c.

: ple, compactancl durable fo 'm, being cost angl attractive appearance.

hi' il e al y it ble fo u with the slevic sq h app ica n nd re th re ;a idv of mymv tio rranged a a seltpla'y ng attachment for actuating the ratus asFig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a plan new TED T S A E OFFICE.

ROBERT a. GALLY, or BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

PNEUMATIC. em; eprtmiaswe eelie eeewvs- To Qu ll/17107771 it may 607166771. Be it known that I, llocnn'r A, GALLY, a citizen of the United States, residing at? Brooklyn, in'the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new 2 and useful I nprovements in Pneumatic and Self-Playing Musical Apparatus, of which the following is a specification, r

' Myiinventicn has for its object the simpl r a d more P fe nst i pt n nd on- W01 f imeu e e iees fer a uatin P sieal instrn'inents ei'iicient ly, and with regard to the antoinatic renderingfof inusic with i artistic etlects of rhythm, dynamics, part I disllnciionantl phrasing, and the arranging of the necessary inechanis n in a very simi iieula'rly welladapteol for use as a sel aying atta -lnnent for pianos, and of reasonable 1 39 f the. a s o th msi ebee s TfQli? 'sh he e n t so e xtentfa eznere 9,115 Q HWQ 1 my separe e e pl a tw wherein they are claimed.

v ln l he accompany ng Fi rl l is drawin keys of a piano as shown, the casework bein g largeh removed to show the interior a1.- rangenients, Figs. 1 1? andlF'being detail of U-pieces Fig 2 is a front view of the principal actuating parts of the same appatlie saine, having particular reference to the arrangement voi the neumatics and their chests. Fig. l is a )lan View of bellows from above, F ig. 4 being a longitudinal sec7 tion of same taken at the dotted line 00 a? of Fig. .2, and Fig, 4 is a transverse section-of a part of same bellows taken at clotted line 3 of Figs. 4 and 4;. Fig. 5 is plan iew of same bellows from below, showing outside of feeders and their outer valves, and 5 is a plan view of the same bellows with the feeders laid open to show the interior valves Fig. {3 is a sectional view of the special bellows for motor which is shown in frontiew at left of Fig. 2, and Fig, 6 is sectional plan of the motor-governor yalye taken attlotted line set Fig. 3, Fig. 7 is al end View of the attachment in osition at; the piano ready to mechanically actuate th kfi ys Y Fig.

of the latter, while in dotted, lines is shown i t e a achme t when o lapsed midi slid under thebiario keykbed to economize sp cifi at 9 ewe i atmt- Paten ed Jun 3 91,4, Application filed a 11,1903. Serial No. 155,623. i

mm, the dotted lines of Figf'fi'sho'wing ifli t "f*abnig in" slower neiimat c movementthan iii pretie li ilg' figlire.

det'ai'ljofthen'ewind device for the mus csheetcorne sp 'oiitling 'to the dotted 'lix'ie Fo iranari 13f.

in th siid 'al -x adi a d, ime i i together witha lTiliSlG-ShQGt and 'itssp'ool and the take-H115 c j linder andtlie"drivin i convey to the piano keys the downward movement of the power pneumatic P which are underneath, piano key'bed, when" in operative position; and the tracker a 'pm: his 1, take-L p roller B, and spindle'R for the g nsic-sheet spool, aswell asspac'e'for such spool and sheet are provided to the front of, and below the upper'arm-of'the U-pieces, all being preferably inclosed in a suitable cabinet or case. -The U-pieces-can 5 be made of least weight for the required rigidity by forming them from thin Besse mer steel or other suitable sheet: mater ah;

about l/32 in. thickness, first cutting or punching them of the shape shown bythe dottedlines of Fig, 1*..and then Ebending over the ends to form, two lapped corner. right angles. as shown by the continuous: lines of the same figure... Lapped corners may be riveted or not. The varying width of metal gives greatest strengthat themiddle part where most needed, similar to a bridge or rooftruss. The same general-form I can also be stamped or cast in finished sha pe without bending, as in Fig. 1". The general purpose of the U,-piece,. with an). economy of; cost of making, can beobta-ined by, head,-

iqg. 3.1 4 in. x l/16.in'.Bessmersteel for equivalent material as shown iii'Fig. 1, a1- i though this ;makes,.,.a.,s,omewhat greater, weight. than the other forms. They pieces are freely guided in hushed slotsgin 4 31 159, and are also kept in. position I the connections 11 u, from their lowerarms to the power-pneumatics P. The upper arms of.,the U-pieces are provided:withf strikers or fingers ,s,,,. s', of twp leyels,. toi operate the white and black keys.respectivelyflthe tion,.:friction onlostpower. As relative 4O leyeljof black and white .keys vary on different pianos Imake the key-strikersfsi'and s. relatively adjustable, either byfthemselves or together with their actionsas shown, 7' being a regulator for thispurpose, this regu lator 1" being a screw passing looselyl through a lug on. the front of the swingable bellows up into a rigid part of-instrument, met ming of. the screw 7* raising or lowering the bellows and the black-key. neumatics-and their strikers 8' independently of the strikers s. Springs as s serve to overcome the weight of the U-pieces, etc., and raise themandthe strikers to permit the quick and free return of the piano key at the end of anote.

The power-pneumaticsP, are arranged horizontally and with adownward action, and

. are preferably placed in two or more rows to allow sufiicient width of each pneumatic while the entire number correspond in scale spacing to that of .the musical instrument keys, the pneumatics being alternated or staggeredamong the several rows. A very efiicient alternation is. between black and white key centers, thepneumatics for the black keys being all in one or more particula r rows, and those for the white keys in distinct and 'separatea'one or more rows. By placing the pneumatics in two rows as shown in Figs. 1, 2-"and' 3,-=oxie ro w to the rear of the other and in nearly the same plane but somewhatflapped over the other, the operating ofthe pneumatics of each pointing inwardly of the general arrangement and those of each row, toward those of the other, a very .compact arrai1gement is made, and'econom'y bt'yerticalspace attained, thus achieving anQap'pearance of minimum bulk w hen ,,incas'edi .VVith the one row of pneumatics of foregoing arrangement assigned to-the black keys and the other row to the 0 white keys, with theactuating connections 14., f, thereof preferably placed somewhat to: the 'iea'r of theoper'ating of the pneuniatics, ajpofiyer. gain of, leverage isobtained, 5 the. linesi'of action ,are in advantageous posis5 h gh .'.q a1i .pew a pt le e1. 9 e rt l-. k h iw l y '.r specr .ty y, t iiwpite are if. xn n mu .i figt y e eral y ends;if b gn ntia iq ir eaapqsitioni 1, operatiq eparts and bi i ih fie f sea- 111 b l s r er'ablyflplaced in ho'riiQ'ntal plane directly under the fowsLof, pb iir pneu' hatics P and M their chests, the feeders o f the'bellows being placed on the 15w'er ana;m v b1e face of the bellows @reseryoir, thisarra'ngement cairyin'g put, the 's'ch" "'e' compa 'ct nessand allowing ,tfs'a nne', mi j:io .ti f-mm;p i chests to fizied part} oftl ie direct .connecti ns ,f,rom the; ,lpellows feeders. tofthe powerfpedalfs of v th'efstructure "are a r alw iqii 'gbn h we 'T p th p alsja ia. PIQP T- n a i n. wh pp case and i bellows lfeeders" arech anged in height ,toyariouskeyboards, 'ea'ch ofthe connections 0,10 is adjustably, attached to its pedals by one" or morehooks or prongs h adapted to be en gaged by any one of several recesses orj'catclies'j 71, on the under side of the pedahj o' r theserecessesor catches may be on the feeder-board, or can be on the floor base" the connections are sufiiciently flexible and arefirstbrought around at or'near the axis'lineof the pedal hingei 'lfheautoniaticr action in the general form above described'is of an L shape with an inward extension atthe top and thusconforms closely to the musical-instrument keys, keybed, and key-slip, with great economy of space, there being little above thelevel of 1 0 the keys or to the front of the key-slip, the bulk of mechanism being underneath the keybed when'in operative position. As there A, is an unfilled space between the bottom of bellows parts and the floor base B the casing of the action parts and bellows may be made onl sufliciently large to inclose those parts,

ma g a light appearance and leaving the unfilled space open to give sight to the'under paneling of the piano case and also pe'rniit- 13 ting the dropping of the upper case C toward the base B when not in use, thus allowing the collapsed structure to be placed under the piano key-bedor elsewhere in minimum space and with great economy in packing and shipping, and the additional use as a seat orb'ench for a person when manually performing on the These features are best accomplished with 'theeonstruetion described as follows: The uppercase G inclosing the-action is made a trifle shorter than the distance between the uprights E which rise one at each end of the floor base B. To each end of the upper case is secured a. guide or slide as 6 arranged to move vertically in grooves or ways '6 in the correspondingupright, thus permitting the raising and lowering of the upper case and action when adjusting to various heights of keyboards, and to collapse the structure when desiring to stow it away or.

or aetion as to rest'on the key-slip or the.

check-blocks of the musical-instrument keyboard when inoperative relation. Either a wedge, lever-cambr eccentric, or a spring heavier than the surplus raising power of spring 0 orbo thsprnig and other element, and"preferably fadju'stable to variations of thickness of keybeds, as by a wedge l, is so' placed on the lower part of upper case or action as to press against the lower face of the keybed and bear down the upper case and action checks is against their relative bearing parts of the musical instrument and thus hold the action and its fingers in exact level with the manual keys. These bearers are preferably so arranged that they do not come into full action until the automatic attachment is almost entirely in to its oper ative position on the keyboard, thus permitting the' playing fingers to safely clear the keys until they are well over them and approaching their proper position. These various guides, springs, bearers, checks, etc, can be directly connected to the action parts independently of any case, or \\-'orking inside a case. By the aid of these devices, any one although of little skill, can place the automatic attachment to the musical instrument, and without the trouble and delay of setting any jack screws, etc, and any incidental variations of fioor or carpet are automatically compensated, the only care required being to hold down the upper case until it is started under the keybed, then leave it free to rise and push the attach-.

musical-instrument.

the proper black keys.

ment in all the way and it automatically levels itself to the keys.

To insure a proper coincidence of the scale of fingers s, s with the scale of the manual keys, which latter vary as much as 1/16 in. to an octave between different makes or styles of pianos, the scale of the fingers is best when laid out to the average medium scale of key spacing and the fingers s for white keys made'ot a narrow-enough width to always clear the adjacent white keys of long or shortlkey scale; and the fingers s for black keys wide enough to never'miss 7 As any variation between seale'ispaoing ofthe fingers and the keys is best averaged by dividing between the extremes, any device for guiding or looking anautomatieattaehinent asto the keyscale should be at or-oppositeto the middle of the scale instead of at the ends as has heretofore beenbustomary.This also not only saves the troubl'e of:constructing and attaching two or more uides or'locks but obviates error, friction r ra-ttling between widely separated enddguides. "'To' have the guide=m whiehattaehes to the piano as small a projeetionas possible, the guide'ni of the attachment may be a part of or fastened to the bearer; l both guides being preferably placed midway of the scale ot the fingers-and keys: The guide on the bearer will thus always come closely "up to the keybedfand its guide on any instrument used, Wheu-thei'attachment is to be placed to a keyboard -thebed of which has' a =front T molding extending belowits front bottom edge, or when the'attachment:is to be temporarily usedonan instrument,'or to be set to an instrument which is not owned by the user, and soj-under" any such cireumstances it "is not possible or desirable to afiix any "guides to the instrument case, it is nevertheless necessary to have some guide against accidental displacement relatively to the keys of the instrument, and therefore no guides n are provided at each end of the attachment, disposed in such position as to bear against the inner face of the checkblocks, truss eaps or other suitable steady part of the instrument but most convenient above the keyboard in full view. These guides are preferably faced with soft material on'their bearing ends, and are made with adjustments to fit them to various instruments. It is preferable to have two adjustments, one fine. as a screw 11/, the other quick, as a catch n although a single adjustmentmay be used. With the device as shown in Figs. 1, 3, 8 and 8 the L shaped end n can be instantly released by a quar- (er-turn and the guide drawn out for use and locked by turning the L into the proper notch, or closed in when not in use; and a. fine adjustment can be secured by the screw n to the head.

' To secure the necessary variations of-dynamics and tempo to. the music played by the mechanismsof this invention, peculiar feeders, reservoirs, composite bellows and regulators are employed, which will now be described.

The two feeders f, f to the bellows are shown with-the feeder for the-right-peda'l having its opening edge and fold atthe same side of the reservoir as the; opening edge Zand fold of the latter, while the feeder for the left pedal has its opening edge andfold' at the hinge side-of the .reservoir and itsfeeder hinge at the opening edge of the res ervoir, in. both cases the feeders being on the -moving-board jof the bellows. The. left feeder 7 will usually serve the reservoir without the pull of; the feederehanging the spring resistance. of the reservoir, --while the right feeder f will act in like mannerwhen;

moved .at a speed only sufiicient'to naturally feed the reservoir through the intercommu -j nlcat-ing. windways o" ,:-but when --the right feeder fi ismoved rapidly it will choke-'3 the windways to the reservoir by attempting to draw more air than those windways will freely pass, the feeder and the consequent resistancetomovement will cause it to pull on the moving-board of the reservoir and-in crease the tension ofthe air therein-w ,Thus

short quick accents or permanent sudden rise"' of tension can be'secured by skilful-pedal,

1ng.- There may be a controllable wariatioh ior closure '0 to the capacity ofitheiwindway between one or both feeders if,-=.f.f,: ancl the reservoir, said closure 'ujgbeing adapted. to be swung and set tonvarious distancesfrom the seat of valve fiand thus checkzsaidvalve entirely closed or to only slightly open, and thus vary the degree of action or change it from expression to ordinary though the feeder f. so placed hinge to hinge with the moving-board of the reservoir will often have some expression action effect on the air tension whether choked or not.

feeding, al-

Such expression feeders can be operated on either a single or composite reservoir chamher, and will 'also be effective for accenting on a reservoir having a steady-weight or compensated spring even resistance.

a I The composite bellows consists of two or more reservoir chambers, combined together and having a common movement, three chambers being shown herein, 1", r '1". Spring or equivalent resistance to give tension to the air of the bellows is arranged to act constantly against the moving parts of the combined chambers, means being provided to throw into action anyone orseveral of the chambers at one time, thus varying the air-tension proportionately to the inverse ratios between the constant resistance and the various active areas of composite reservoir. The constant resistance may be variable, as ordinary: bellows;

springs; or invariable as weights or by my arrangement of springs in Patent #546,956, issuedSep'. 24, 1895. To secure the greatest variety of air-tensions from a given numberof chambers. the chambers should be made of varied areas .oneto another and in suchratio that each one and every combination will 'givea different efl'ectivearea, allowance being -made for positions .of each chamber,.; ,the spring resistance, and the hinge, as to theirrelatiyeleverage. For three chamberaproportionate effective areas of 1, 2and 4 will give all variations from gl to 7 inclusive, a very satisfactoryanumber, as musical dynamics aregraded in seven -..de grees: PP? 2 2?, 2 3 i f7 I77 Ye. chambers can be formed by attaching the .various efolds or rib's between two bellows; boards,- but it ,-is,ea,s ier and more effective to .oopstruct several; separate .,reseryg1r ,achamberso'r frames and join fthem,togetlier..after ,or ribsz-iare completed. For reng hi i-partsz urabi ity hes veral cliarnberssof; .-;the., composite reservoir are armng vp a el.ital.ee ia and e ,conimon bearingpnf i e.-line, and at sucess ve i an s here An ne er plane, asthereby the-strain of tension upon r nge bes ritt dthe h n s of -,activi ty. from; one chamber to another against the coinmpn resistance and; Inge. .To'avoid-any lapse of air tensionshifts from a one :tension to another continu+ gnslyi active esermir c rsa e "p q d w h' r als er eth P rp s ofigivingag substantial basic air-tension degree ,upon ,which to. build the,-yariati0n; se,- ries and ,thus have the; difi'erences. between deg e ta di heen re v a i n more. m r ergtte than without" suphcontinuously active chamber, as is often; .desirable for musical expression. The shifting of. activity from one chamber 'or combination to another should be effected by ports which will not only open each such chamber to active tension of air when in use but will also open such chamber to the free air when not in useand other chambers are, so that the inactive chambenwill then be freeto move. The control of such ports may be by mechanical or any other ,means, pneumatic .means being now shown. The feeders f, f are connected to exhaust the .air fromnthe action chests,their connecting ports being eitherdirect-to the rigid chests, trunks or other-air service spaces of the action, or through the continuous service bellows chambers r 7 and wind boxes above them, as shown in Figs. 4 and/P, but whichever way the" feeders are'connected to the action service the intermediate portshave self-acting valves on their seats toward the feeders, and the feeders have ports to the outside air having self-acting valves on their outer seats. The reservoir chambers 1", 1 3

which are for-interchangeable or combinable use each have a port w"be't\veen it and the general air-service. of constant bellows chambers if, 1" and the feeders and another portasw' leading'frornsuc'h .chainb'er tot-he outside free air; Valves'as oi, v to'these ports: are arranged so th'at one is closed as the'o ther is open, the normal condition be-- ing with: valve-port 'w openW-hile valve port w' isclosed by the tensi'on of air on valve '11, and-atraipneumatietas 7) isworked from the general air-service and connected by acrank-sha-ft p to'open valve o"an(lclose' valve v wheneverany personal or automatic control causes pneumatic /)v to operate, as by openingithe: valve v by depression ofbutton 13 dinecbly,--or by the slide'co'ntroller 4:: bee ingzrh'oved intoaposition ov er. valve '0 P so that wedge $2) of controller-1t; wedges down valve-11 and allows button-E :tflito' dropnas shown, valve "0 then admitting; air through tube 13" to-the primary pneumatic 7) to op. erate the latter-hr means of this ,valve :ac; tion any-particular one or combination of reservoir. chdtnberscan-be throw-n into'active condition to produce adesired air tension; the vallves 'u to 42. having their 'ports ar ranged torespect ivela vent the requisite ones and combinations of the tubes 51,262 and 44 to control reservoirs r, 1*, 1-, improper-units and cornbinaoionstoeach of thesa id valves.

vFor manual control of Eseveral tensibus produced: by various combinations ofathe plural chambers ofa' composite bellows: whether'such chambersare fequal effective areas or'of varied areas-ibisconvenient: to employ a single'rparticular controller. to": actuate each cornbination; thus s'a-vingv the an= noya-nce' of specially determiningthe partitular combination of individual controllers to be usedior the desired degree of tensionx For this purpose there are as many controllers t,- t" as there are deg rees oftension; each controller't', t being connected by tubes or otherwise to suitable means as pneumatic 72' to operate thevalves; or valve as v of its particular combinationor individual chamber to render such' chambers or chamber active, the manually actuatedparts of the set of controllers being preferablyarranged in a convenient order or plan for prompt selection when using, say in i-egw larseries from light to heavy-tension,- the reservoirs bein' operated in order and combinations as ollow'sz' (1' 7' r), (r 7' To simplify the manual operation and obmin rapid changes of tension in aserial order of variation, a single cont-rollert'ma'y be employed-either in combination with and to operate the individual controllers! to t curved line,-=t1he otherwise:=. Such single-controllerasit is ar ranged to niovein'-w..snitable= straight aor severah single and combine. nan :tnsions; being opal-afield by the Wedge t controller t at 'several corresponding poe siti onsiofoitssinoviement by aotiilationmf valeesa seventeen .to'bt idgaintoyaotionrthe proper. respective units anih cornbinat-ions'iof reservoirs; the several degrees being preferably in regulhr orden ofi =tensieniifronialighh tohemny, asdestzribed in elosezof' laet-purm graphs thus; enabling .thermostrapidsand smooth .-cresdendo; and diminuenduzby the self-playingrori otherxmdsieahdeuices which a re 1 served hyrthafl GOIlIPGSiQB'IEbQllOWS} ltzis wells to; have both theisinglei ohtroll'er end the'1 multiple vino an rinstrhinent; T as by T the multiple deviceosuddemiimh extreme: shifts are mme-aceuratelyzmadeiatldieny attuating at valves 'zmd' ehambers ofreng mmeeessary intermediate degreseim avoided; white the single ednta ollen Lhasnits vown: advantages; nam n either themsinglebr muiti rwmay berembe'diedu-dmaah instrument wimuimme otherw. oo mimllerpsingle or in ulbifile; may be fonmmmali-kneeou pedal operation i (flonnstidnsghyqthbe Ef'rom' enei several or all oi the pneurn'atics as p ofzthe sme ma ing devices of the mposite hellows aham-f bers to corresponding :iperttirw'oiequivd= lents- I of the :t-racken devibes enable fillet-8ireetdontrol ofi tension from themusimsheet In a: ch'ord pnassemhled gnoup 05: notes which =are to hwvewtheir "commencement of sounds together; but wherein iulis ide'sire'd to cnntrnl one on :mot'ni vhe notes to-isound nmre prominently-than the obltersythe see ondnry notes I are positioned slightly in ad Vance at the important ones" and wlowered tehsion or ethciency ct -attack is secured during the" first part of the operation of the self playing devibes= of secondary mate -my: a mrfonation as: 8*? in the new sheet arranged to control deviceswhioh act to' reduce the tension or power" by any suitable means; as the-change" o'f reservoirs 7", 1- 0*,- said perforation cohtinuihg until the time for the attack of the importantnotbsof the same group, when the mid perforation ceases and causes the consequent change of reservoir and the-tension or power to increase" and thus-accent only those notes the perforations of awhih "were not advanced In a piano the-greater spedof movemenbof the piano hammer under: higll -tensienor power of aetuairirl'g will cause the advanced and the normal :note pert? nations to pro duce an ap anoximately even attack at tone of the notes of srgroupz =Where the music hasa-much more frequently successive 0ccnrrence :ufi'ixtlpbrtimit notes than' of .sec:- endary 'notesg-this system ofireducin'g the tension or power on the-secondary nous is much simplerthan any device for: increas ing the. tension or power: for the important notes; a less: amount .of expression perforations and actuating-beingrequired forthe reducingzthan for-the-othen 'lii 'lll:f averyifinendegree's of. variation of :tension or capacity of aagbellows, whether simple !or composite: reservdinware :obtained by the i01 lowing described :dev-ice afor adj ustably set-. ting ithe limitiof; movement of ;the bellows reservoirfichambe'r. or chambers ZaLAi-POIC or portsi as 10 'w rconnect: reach 1 ofa the tWQzOI. moreg-feeders to the fair; ch'amber: which. is continuouslyserved aan'di'lvalves; (09 n)? a're arranged/to 4 keep aeach mfi dlhesfil ports'rnors. mally. closed duringthe ret'u-rn action of its feeden- Adjustable zvalve actuating; meansm are; :placed inposition? to zope'n the valves 12 5 an". a when the bellows :resenvoir wmovementreaches=.the; desired pointws'uchaopening' of the vaLves causing, oneafeedei toi-pumpaair from 1: the [other-J without: altering! .:the qhans tityu oil-air. in the i'res'ervo'ira anda thus nnot ch'an 'ing. its position raindias bellows. give a definite 1 air tension to. a .eertaim position; and vary. with ithe. change; at; position and Q0111 sequent; lalteration F of 1-fold and; spring: resistance, the adjustment of the meansw-to various. points of.- action' by/the :bellows: will control, i311. degrees andfl; variations (50f. C2: pacity .or ;tension .w,ithind it's degrees of changes fromqva'ried positions-111mm 1)] mad j !With any; ;variable. tension; air; service for expression "01- vother@purp'osecf a self-player,- whetherhaving ia.-.simple;or=composite reservoir, it. is, necessary ,to pro-vide a means-for equalizing the tensionof: tfiiEh lISQd CO drive the air-motor for propellingithe music-sheet, and even' when the air service;ofthe main act-ion is riof equalized tension .the,fifsagging?v and-.fijumping ofthe air\ten'sionowing to the sudden attack-and release of many. notes at a time, especially inpianoEplaying,- will causeuirregular speed of. the motor unless special governing. n1eans;;areprovided. .To overcome these detects .a separate and independentreservoir I is now provided to store air a service for the 1 music sheet propellin'g motor asM, and thisreservoir'L is suppliedwbynspecial feeders f 1 f whiCh connect to this :reservoir I ,only; but. are operated bythe same motive. means=-(as pedals).=w.as-14are the feeders f, f-Hof the main air service. Conveyances c c connect the respective feeders "f ,'f --to the independent reservoir I,;the servicevalves '0 'v of these feeders being convenientlyiplaced at the reservoir I to enable their directcontrol by the moving board of saidtreservoir and its means 10;0I19 to each valve, while also allowing their ordinary? automatic action as feeder valves. TN hen the various-:feeders-f, f, f ,=f ,-are inregular operation 1 and)" will render .the necessary -.a.ir-senvice for the main air-chests, =etc., while feeders. f and f? serve the reservoir L forthem'usic-sheet motor. henever the service is overabundant for =the main chests only, theinfeeder supply is checked by *meahsw and, theropeningz'of valves '11 '0 whjledf; the'reservoi'r '1 'requires continuance .of servicef irom'its owil feeders f ffiait. niaynbe 'rhad-rwithouts .overserving the maiii ;air Fchests; aOnmhe othenihand; whenever? the :reservoir; 1 11* has secined its abundance ofiservice" fromi its feeders=f?-,-if 5 theimeans w will' throwiwalves mi mfibpen so the feeders will neutralize :eaclm otl1er,nand if :Inainr chests, etcx, require a' continuance of service 5 from their. own feeders L5 75', itcm'ay be hadvwithout overserving the rese1'woir. =1 and .me music-sheet motor; 1 additional advantage .'to the ofathe indeperidenfi lres-x ervoir Lfon'servingithe motor is thatrthe'gir servicethereof-may be oflcomparatively 10w tension compared to that for the. heavy/He greesi of motion) :of: the 1 note playling. rpnei'b matic's andfthereby; awgreatgsaving of filici tiol'igvvvean noise --and :leakage of: the. motor be eifected comparedto thatwhengacommon high tension sis employedfor .theentireaim strument; AboutQ 1 12 .in.3vvater-columi1' air: tension is desirable-for the motor wliile for the note-striking 'zpneumatics rather: tension should varylfrom 2 in; to 12 in.',evenvto,i15 inL foraocentsf .1 f 1 h'i'illw!) 03 As a reservoir} eithericommontol the -Whole instrument; or independent form the motor alone as herein' shown is-inclinedftdvary its air -tens'ion5 owing to ;thechange. .ofi its dfolds and the altering of :itsws'pring resistan'ce at the'idiflerent points. offits movement a zoom: pensatingl device 'zis :desirable to"; secure :an' even-speed of the jmotor 'run fromisaid il'em ervoir. ,ltvisialso desirable to set Ithespeed of the motor to various .degree'sitosuit t-he musical composition -tobe rendered. In Figs. -.6=-and 6 is shown indetail afsingle devicewhich effects both these objects.=iAn L; shaped? =valve as v controls-a {jwindway- -.or port.w ..;-;This valve is moved longitudinally to vary the set speed of the motor M 'to whichithe windway w" connects by;.a;con,- tinuing pipe or. eonveyance 'w; The setting of the speed may be elfected by automatic means 201' by hand controlledconnections, a convenient: form 30f the. latter being '2 shown in- Figs; 2 and 3 hereof. The-valve 1w}? has a slot 1 engagement with thee time-setting means and the valve isthus free-to move transversely to the movement of. its time setting movement. Asuitablefree jointed connection 'is provided between the, valve 11: and the moving-board or similar part of reservoir 1, as shown. As the moving-board of said-reservoir I moves inward it causes the. gvalve '0 to movetransversel-yand gradually. diminish the amount of opening. of

windway 'u; and thus compensatetthe risein-gtension of the,. contra cted reservoir 1. The. diminution .of opening of windway w} will always be in the same ratio to the extent of movement of the moving-board of reservoir[ at any andevery time-set position of the'valve v? and will therefore correctly equalize the variation of the reservoir tension and maintain whatever steady motor speed isst. The adjustment of the valve 1 to t ie proper ratio of diminution of windway w? to the contraction of reservoir I is readily secured by the regulating of the-connection between valve '0 and the movingboard of reservoir 1 by a screw-threaded wire as shown or other suitable variable conneetion. 1 a

In playing a percussion-tone instrument su'ch as -a piano; by pneumatic action, the forcing; of the bellows pumping until the reservoir is at its limitof movement and then exerting anexcess force on the feeders toi'produ-ee an extreme forceof stroke does hot-in practice accomplish the result expected an extreme degree of loud touch similar to the result on an organ expression bellows, for the reason that with the piano the loudness of tone depends on the quickness rather than the mere force of the'keystroke, and-this the usual foot pedal movement is not rapid and sensitive enough to effect. By introducing a spring element as S into the connecting means between the footipedal'and the feeder f as shown in Fig. 1 it becomes practical to force an excess power-of stroke from the pneumatics. Thetspring s is made somewhat stronger thanthe power required to operate the feeder f when it is inducing the highest tension of air produeible by the spring ac tion of the bellows reservoir, consequently the action of this pedal and feeder up to that degree of air tension will be the same as if the connection were of the ordinary kind. When the air of the reservoir has been brought to the highest degree of its own spring tension, the reservoir being then at its extreme tension limit of movement, an excess force on the pedal will bring into action the spring s which will cause very quick acting pull on the feeder f and so produce an excess tension of air capable of the most rapid movement of the pncumatics to effect extreme fortissimo strokes of the keys.

In forming the covering material to a hinged feeder, pneumatic, or other collapsible bellows chamber it is difficult to cause the covering material to make a smooth, tight joint around the corners of the boards, as the edge of the opening end of the feeder board stands at an angle to the true line from one board to the other. All error of fit may be easily overcome at no cost by sa-wing the opening end f of the feederboard at the angle to its own plane which coincides with the line from that edge of that board to the line of attachment f of the covering material of that fold to the other board when, they are at their spread posirion as shown by feeder f iii-Fig. 1 and Fig. l

Bellows feeders of usual form when put to high tension and rapidioperation, as in piano-players, are apt to soon 'weai' Out-at their corner: folds, as the'fold's of two adjacent sides of the feeder (or reservoir) work to and from each other'a-t their meeting fold as the feeder is worked, thus causing a sawing of the covering" material at the meeting place of tllWfOldSffll'ldtl'ilS sawing soon causes a leakage auditequires patching. Feeders f ,"f are shownof the usual form of fold; While feeders f, fhave an improved forin and' fold-at their corners as shown in Figs. 4 and 5 wlhieh overcomes the defect just described. "-In the improved feederYt-he fold of the front of the feeder is made toextend" beyond tliacorner of the feeder atthe joint of'the fold, while the folds of theadjaceiit sides'of the feeder are kept well within' the limits of the boards as shownwwvhen the feeder is opening the eXtended-cornersmf'the front fold take up and draw taut the'slack of material yielded .bythe side foldsgand as the feeder closes the rev erse act-iorrlof -the folds causes the cornerpart of -'the 'covering material to be taken up by the-side 'folds a-s it is yieldedby the-extended corner' of the front fold. -By a careful proportioninpf of the extended corner to the amount of fold and extent offeeder st-roke 'as shown, the durability of the feeder is greatly prolonged over the usual style as now in' general use. Similar folds can be used on'reservoirs," or pneumatics. l

The weight of the piano hammers and resistance of the damper springs varies greatly from bass to treble of the scale, the touch of the keys grading from 7 to 5 units in the scale of 58 notes shown as included for operation by the piano-player herein set forth- It is therefore desirable to proportion the power of stroke of the playing mechanism accordingly, and this is accomplished by the varied area, stroke and leverage of the pneumaticsP as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. By this means the power of stroke is uniformly graded to suit the touch of the piano action,'producing a. perfect musical effect of scale, glissando and arpeg a'io passages of compositions when antomaticallyrendered; Economy'of power of operation is also gained by the reduced size of the treble pneumatics and at the same time greater speed of stroke for the high notes, which is effective for tone production: besides which a more rapid repetition can be attained with the small pneumatics in the treble where it is most needed.

The expression means thus far-described will give all grades of power at various times, and will-even give two degrees of touch to, different ones of several notes of a chord :orgroupi arranged to commence sounding once, but fully artistic music requires that in some cases many different degrees of touch are required to 'one .such chord or group, besides various rapidly successive dynamic Edegreechanges, accents, and em-- phases of-notes in compositions of such brilliant or elaborate characteras could not be easilyand well-:done'by the changesfiof bellows ztensionfi-orcapacity. For these, and

,many other purposes, especially .the artistic counting as overcoming the inertia =and friction,',becausethe hammer leaves connectionfgwith thejack-and: key before the hammer I reaches the string, consequently the dynamic-, degreeof tone is'in proportion to impact-:onthe string; The speed-of movement of-air=.at-;any tensionwhich causes the motion ofra-given quantity thereof through anCope'ning,- 1s'proportionate to the-size of the opening wherefor a variation of the size or amount of valve-openingqto :a giveirsize pneumatic will proportionately -varythe speed of .movement. of -such: pneumatic. and correspondingly vary the dynamicdegree of tone produced by the action ofthe pneumatic on a piano key and its hammer and string. A variation in the shape or size of the aperture or perforationwvhich controls the primary pneumatic means will "correspori'dingly ,vary the speed of movement of such primary means and the valves to the power pneumatic which are actuated by said primary, and by this method the variation of strokeican be governed, but with the construction of primary pneumatics and their valvesin the usual forms heretofore in use this variation would belimited, besides being impractical on account of the loss of air and the noise thereof when the primary valves 'moved slowly, both valves being on oneirod and connected to a single primary pneumatic. These difficulties are overcome and many advantages gained by the employment of two or more primary pneumatics and two or more independent valves to each {power pneumatic, one desirable construction of this novel principle being shown herein although numerous modifications are possible'and yet tributary to this broadly new generic'idea. f I

, In F igs- .9 to 10, P is a power-pneumatic or secondary attached to one outside face of a wind-chestVVw-hich is connected tothe air exhaustmeans of the-apparatus. This power pneumatic,- P has} an: .Openlng or. 11 cess r in: its fixed-board ,toallow :-.air, to be exhausted from ithi's power pneumatic through. a; port 10 9-; in the face; board of ;the

exhaust chest. when thanzalve vt'iofi that port is opened by the actiom of its Zprimarypneu- "matic .p ,jthjus rcausingr. the collapsing V. or

. positive ia-operative movement ofpower pneuma'tic,- while a port av -14in: theamovingboard of this power pneumatic allows'ithe return-'gmo'vement-gthereof when :its zvalve a is open Iduring; {the inactive: condition of its primary pneumatic p?,= {this ;,sameport w" being-closed by lvalve [v acted uponrby its primary pneumatic; p whenever; theexhaust valve 0 andvport w are open to -the-power pneumatic P, thus preventing; any loss l- Of air -by passage thr ughu-both-a-pOrtS at- -one time. The ltwo'zprimany; pneumatics pf, p,

are shown as -connectedwtoaone ductdf which is controlled froman aperture ofithelscalereader, which aperture is opened ,to Narious degrees .or at various speeds by suitable special'perforations 'in the music-sheetalor the single duct :to the two primaries can be conthe ;Weight10f the hammer and its speed of trolled from two or more-separate apertures variably used singly andsepa'rately, and this system of oneduct-ktovtwo -priniaries of 'a single power "pneumatic. or: secondary. can be controlled; by :key, stop, ;01' swell pedal; valves to the ,duct, iorather'duct can be (controlled. by

auzrilizau'y,pneumaticsandiivalves' And the two primary-waives man-be; operatedby a single oblong pneumatic arranged to be free to rise at oneend in advance of theother. Also, the secondary pneumatic, as P can operate additional valves to other pneumatics ,=for increase ofpower or other purpose. Orthe two or more'primary pneumatics can each be controlled by-an independent duct andhapertu're. 'The musicsheet S shows perforations of varying widths to control varied operations of the primary pneumatics p 79 9 and their power pneumatics P, but many improved styles of varied perforations, etc., and'connectlons to primary pneumatics are set forth in aseparate application, 90,935, filed Jan. 23, 1902. The'operation of these pneumatics is as follows: When the pneumatics are normally at rest valve o -is open and valve 11 is'closed, and the power-pneumatic P is open-to the outside air only and therefore inactive.-Fig. 10. The first admission of airto duct 03 serves to inflate primary p and close valve '0 against port w to seal power-pneumatic P from the eoutside-airwhile-the exhaustport w is still closedby reason of its .valve a having a greater proportionate resistance to its primary p than that of the flushing valve 'v to its primary p ,-Fig. 10% The second portion of air through d'uct al in flates'piim'ary 77 and opens valve v to exhaust'poWer-pneumatic P through port 10", the poWer-pnei1matic new starting to collaps tlnd thereby exert its power, Fig. 10*. In the nezifistage of operation, Fig. 10 the primaries-and valves-having continued to be held as eel-ore fromthe air inflation through dii't d*,"'the power-pneumatic P has coinpletd'gits 'fio we'r action by collapsing to its ffili 'li'fiiit; and 15 shell movement has forced b'tibk l tlie' valv s v, and their primarypfieiixntit-isp 9 to" almost their initial neihnitli eseta-11g thus preparing them for a 'sulfiid'ilbe to" inactive position with a iniiiiifilifnlsiz'o f retiirn .vent to the primiitisf 'lhefspriilg"8 between the moving boardbf poweflprieuiniitie and the exhaust vztli g a'efiion sei'ies'toaid the quickness of 'rtihd 'oFsdid Valve, especially when the adtiihij o f tihtepoivr-Phumatic' is of yery slibit diii'ation or of slow speed and the primaries" are not well returned toward-them sit's', the spring 8' then serv 'ing to iccelerate the return. of valve and preieilt liis'sqf sir througlithe two ports at orfce. s or equivalent nlezins serves fowregrnauhgth9 closeness of return of velve o? to its aiidtlie relation of such retiiin tfothedolliilisedpositionof the power- It, isbe st that the regulator and t x' i -f t to their principal' Work Mibt'c'om of stroke after hammer of pizthbhzilft and the" speed of stroke like o fless force therefor, thus prevent.-

oliiiat dfie tin'ie. The remainder of return Inti'iiifi ht (if Powel -pneumatic P is then accomplished tlie flush of outside air throughport' tlie'val've v thereof huring gdiiQthe'renta-inihg short distance toits seat bV'its own-weight aided By the infiuir draft ort m aiul'the'nnturnl p'ull of air through The of the' formedleather of the prin'iurv.

deflres sell'posi'tio'n' of valve gives a full advstiita'ge to the port w as the pou ei'pneu mtt'tidP ret'lit ns to rest While its close posi tion to'that 13orfiatthe bottom power-' 'l'neliinatic serves to restrict the power-pneumatic to a short return movement on "quieli repetitio'n'srctionand so adept it on a} tapered or curved rise to its sides. varies its (inimet'er'a nd consequent clearance of the Valve at the requirements of close repetitioiifwof iand action. rom foregoing it is eiidentithatthe' inflation of ri miries-canb asslow or 'fast as desired, according'tb'tlie 'adniission' of air through duct service, and'no appreciable air will escape of stroke of through the two parts at one tii'ii'e in aiij event. Thus the s'peedo'f operation (c61- hi'ps'e of the power-pneumatic can be graded and varied at will, the speed or extent of rise of valve 0 being controlled By the variationof ain'ou'nt, pressure or speed of air :id 'ni'tted to the priniziry 12"" fianthe controlling aperture of its diict" 1 The' s'epmationof the M 0" priirldry'iislves' or the poWer-piieiinititic alid to se'pez 'te inoveinen t' hzi's many adientag sf besides the expression aeti'oii, a's e-(i'chfi ailve' Seats independently to i ts awn brt fafc'g, tlhis moidihg" any vari'zit'ionsf orimp'drnie'nts of action which ziiisejirit'li' t'iyio vilhi lnning' c'ornrllfn r'rliii ih e'nt when qt'li lbs pliet'ic or' other iiuses chan e the distanceb'etweerl the seats or ailtert 'e' thickness of the valves" of their relziftifii aii j lllstment. Also the independent hpeihtne of tllex; 1mm 1- osifiva waive; 11cm t were throun Wide 615511 to ca iidiw of its port, which is o ne iqii it's'f diameter '(dr niorewifh'en' ellldWi n'g erffiitfion This a greatsavi' 'g Vr tlie d1'a (55th ed valves, as with them it lids alyifziys Ii necessary to limit their throw to ene hal'f 6r of their free service, that is' one-eilltli or l'ess of the diaihetr' of the; port, atf grav"1dsby friction and' of sliefd rtjliird forf' valwfe s m'i'd' Pneumatics of; 5 given" efficiency; lie-j sides: cdiistiint rumble/mm zi t mo s lieric cliti ngefs" alterilig isinger a eing t 15 615'- eii tioni With the" I power-pneuinatticft e" of miiii mum distance and of changes of direction, niev'nve's are acessible without e et r w serve to preserve an air draft pull on the enli au's't valve 'sli gh tlyfopen, that is almost the same. ora' little greater than the air" pressure on that valve when seated. This 'je'iiables a carefully graded air infla-. tioi'i-of primary pil'to cause the valve 0 to openlbut' a trifle, while if the recess were large and free the valve would be more apt to jump \'vide';ope n as soon as its seating pull pluck was overcome. The grading of the recess. to the various points of valve rise' enable's ,[affcontrol to any point desired; the dra'ftoiitlievalve being definitelyfgradedpthereby fine gradations of speed of power-pneumaticstroke can be obtained. "The third primary-pneumatic; p

in Figs llt an d 11?, 'is connected, to a duct and aperture iiid epjenden t ot'the primaries p; andjthistliird primary controls an I ,to the power-pneu- 'By th pti'oina loperation [of this tralt ai lt rti fisi its .dpe gv t-s m utane 1h i'j ie erilp rmif 9r xavvarious l (if t mq'tt ei efi ,li um s g ad lQ S k $PQd i ifiiii m im BeL fiQ IFQdsjid th i f'g s a yi varying the si o t-either..actuatingfpei'foraudjrbj a'i'm A c 'sheet/ The flush-valvel v and stroke ve tifaref always" operated -to- I hetherf the ,extra va lve 'is ope ept tpi aa w r I: efi h ing sgch operationaaf' ma n tracker aperture dnnetw rst mm were a i i ry;

' tra i of a separate 4 returnwent connected tofiea ch one of the'rduct s' 'd d, or their eitensions, which rct u n- \-'en ts' can each be placed in side: the ',,'c, W orjatf any other position where ';it can" connect theair 'on the inside and'oiitside 10f the said primary-Pneumatics, but 'fit. niost pnjvenient and efficient to havej thei re'tiirh 'vent' as near to the operatingi'eiit- (aperturefaspossible on the principle pf construction shown and claimed in my fissu ed Patent #545,156, Aug. 27th, 1895. That I feature of ieturnw'ent position is now shown with tan improvement'whereby all the return-vents d, d:, etc; may be simultaneously regulated byone adjustinent ,bar I) which can beset by the binding screws thereof to anylamount of opening of vents desired, and 'by'rcino'val of ssaid bar b any. accu ulation not dirt can be. removed from :the, nets behind the ibanl :The construction ow shovinyisarraiigedfor use with anadjustable compound scale-reader, the .return ventsgi d,-etcl,be ing placed in a chambe'ii l) nea thefscale-reader and the walls i 'which chamber serve as a meeting-rail.

ker hpi' l p ig l HIS-K16 and outside" thei'j rima'ries by means for the flexible tubes (preferablyv straight to avoid collapse) from the elements or parts of the scale-reader and the continuing tubes, ducts or grooves leading to the action, whether the latter be flexible or rigid, but preferably metal tubes of fairly stiff qaulity to insure against damage, commonly lead or tin. Means arealso provided for instantly freeing all the returnwents at one time by a reverse blast ofairto that passing throughtheinjwhen in operation with the. pneumatics.- This freeing or cleaninggis I best accomplished by means substantiallyas shown which can be adjusted to cut otf the normal air-connection to the chamber l) con taining the several return-ventsand atsarne time leave an opening through which blast p of air can be ser'yed by thepserlslungs or a suitable bellows to cloanall.lthe retui'nw'ents lip-such blast o flairv passin through iif'direction thereverseof t at 012 their operative use. The normal conditionof cham her D v is connected the.same airgser vice tion being. through conductor. Wffgfyalve v}? thereto being heldopen aspring 81* which also holds closed valve 11 .1% .to the re;

verse-air tube J. I When cleaning the vents-- d, d, etc, it is-only necessary topress down I tilbef J, closing '0 and opening .valvemlp when. a blast of air carats sent .lthro ugh windway w. o tu b e J and all the ,vents' uof chamber.DcleaiiediriBy this method iif suitable forn o f ada ptation an entire set .Iof

returnwents. can beiiristantly i QQ wfoiil d. require from lm' inutes toi an hour tol do the present usual, custompf sucking :out throughzone aperture at some].

by a small pumpi'andtube I ing ineth d. 's'very i'nefiicient [because the resistance andTfriction ,of. the closed :ducts, a n d chambers prevent the quiclr draft of air necessary to carry out -dust and dirtgi'and which draft is fully obtained by the arrange: menis nowstated and claimed.

The arrangement of thetu and this; f. suck is'of a compact and novel style, aiding 'their inserting andtracing. The-tubes for t lie sharp notes are all in'one row, groupe in twos and threes alternately, while the tubes for. the. same letters of, natural .I notes are inan adjacent parallel row each natural tube' be ing set diagonally tofthe left (bass)- of the corresponding tube, constituting a two and three 1. group ing of the natural .tubes. The ,natural? tubes which have no. corresponding: shar' tubes (musically notated as e and b) are 0- cated to the rearof and diagonally to theleft. of the. respective two and, three" groups 7 pi v natural tubes. It is apparent that this fi rlills enables the instantaneous locating of a par; ticular tube or socket therefor'without the use of any gage or plan. It also enabl ejth'e sharp tubes tobe all connected at first 'of assembling when it is most conventi'on. Forreatconvenienc'e in locating the 1 sharp in their sockets are designated by contiguous marker-ring, a desirable style of which'is shown bythe-heavy'black circularlines=in Eig..- l2at-rail D; I I

Thembes 'fiomhe sharp notes, are best 10 :arranged to'be tied in the'gr'oups of two and three ori a joint-group of five, and in-any tied group orlsingl are bes-tand most directly' connected tb t eirires'pective sharp pheumaticsbf the -sliairp chests-at the rear between the- :U p'ieces or. similar key-actuof the *fibtidn' leading-said 'sharp tubes 1 ators; prefelably at the spaces between the 5 groups ofw isharps actuatois. Electric 7 WiTQ'SEIEfi) he consitieredas equivalents of zoaltebes' for =the purpqses tated in this and preceding paragraph, bothbeing none'eonnect ion's, Mar 1o :rrmielo do! i ape-laininasa aiwpewer ersemkeef uie pneumatics ss i B withouwshifting 'the bel- .ldws eeiisioh, a's 'when only a momentary diminutionisfdesiredyor when only apart-'- 0f kil16 $lf is 'to be a'fle'cted, as in aceomi paniment parc ofithe music, ch'ecks c" and diminisheisw are new employed 'to restrain eirthe pfl ge ctr-air cl nough valve-ways w" and w is Will now be dfimbedy OheclW ebiis'tsts of a pivoted em [Fig-z irapnis cheek e ie'in inoperative posit'ron, hei too far raised to check the full rise fo'fvhw whi'le 'in' Fig 11 the check (1 ts epressee and =prevems the valve e from rising-more earetfieiency ofivindway; thereby causing a slow strokef the power *pneumatic. Suc'h checks e canbeeas'ily arranged 'for separaeej 'whfri blf of as many divisions of the scaie es desired and without the complicaan a small pairtbf its full 46 "6r"ex'pense or dividing the wind-chests W Or-Qjhe bellows: -The division herein eniplo'y-ed is between inield le c and b-notes of the musical-sears, snaking treble and bass independent mntrol 'byehecks e. v The 'treble or divisien, musical notes a to d being 'soadapted in the present bonstrilct'ion, as

shown by-the fiatiker scale gage g in Fig.2, whefii i'i the 3166580 to d are duplicated inimeasl re-ehe r'ight of the main scale;

these extra tracker controls being connected to the auxiliary valves v It is thereby possible to increase the power of any one of these notes in a softxmed division of the scale by opening the auxiliary valve e zto that 70 note. The duplication of the middle notes only of the scale of the tracker andznusic i sheet are not broadly-claimed =herein, .samel being a partof amy'application' 1#90 935;

: filed Jan. 23, 1902, fobt-musicslieetsl etci yi To diminish the air service to the power: neumatics either with or'withoutrcheoking the rise of their valves 0"; "0 o?" b the-. size-of the perforation of the musiesheet on: thecheclcs c", a'diminisherid is employed-3 62 In the-presentcase this-:diininisher is on-1y; arranged with the six'auxiliaryvalves 'u tig at'the middle-0f the scale, which'can be con-ii trolled independently oft-he other devicesgn but diminishers may beiemployed for-Jan 5-: or :all othernone's ofthe instrumentl il n Fig. 11 the diminisher d eis' -i'n doweredk positionnnd the Windway w is free foraitsd full 1 action on the 'powa-pneulnaticr-fivheni valve '1 is, opened fullywln Fig. ll -thedi H 0 minisher d is raised by the-actidfl ofm: mm H trolling pne'uniatic whose rod is showng andin this position the diminisher d 'restmkztv the passa e of air thrmighs win'dway and bhere' y reclumslefi ct en thei'ipoiv r gfii 3 pneumatic; Wit-heivher check c r' arldimindl otheweuitaihle nieelmnicail means for stop pih g' the' rise' df priiharywalves as -11. In

isherdiiin action; a pneumatieaand. walvms 7W, btor p, 'v ca-n be given caf'sudklenopen ing and yet new action on the powerl pneumatic be of :low speed is desirldfl able for some t tmlc-he fiedtsnu 'lloltfmltliei' control the passage oifiair through \findwhy i w the action-n'uvor button rliismad era size earnest-filling the windway :02"? so that whedthe pneumatic p ns flushed slowly 108 from :an aperture of:nhe-trackenthe risingof valve 11 does not immediately'fmw'theu pluck or dralft'of a.ir,'=the button =1 being held back in its movement rby fthe air current and at the same Cll'ITG' IIll lOWi'Qgbut' a smal-l 1N portion of air to pass through 'the wimlway lL ltl'1 the result of lb-Well controlled 'restricted ctfect'o n the power-pneumatic.

To gain variable position manual control of the diminish img stroke of the =key-acmat- =1 511;: Pneumatics P- a movable-"(inflexible strip or guard as g is placed "in position over the apertures a :of the tracker 'orrscale-= reader T and so that the guard g is above the sheet 9 when in operation, and Whenit 126' is desired to diminish the ikey stroke of some I particular part of the scale of motestlle' guard is flexed, depressed 'or moved position to partially obstruct the passage of air through the particnlar apertures awhieh' control the notes desired =t0 be sdf-tened; The strip as herein shown is preferdhly anade of a material such as celluloid, which is sn'fiiciently transparent to permit the music-sheet S to beviewed as itpasees imder *1" the guard gfmj'l hisstrip g is provided with marks icharacters, divisions, c-olorations or variations of its form indicating the notes of the nius'ioalscaleof the tracker apertures -a 2 and 1 the --perforations. =of= rthe' music-sheet S. 9A verydesirable way, of- 150- indicating the'musieallscale on the guard g is :by'rolorings .theusharp note, positions by.- means? of t-ransparent-zcoloredi ink 01 dye-applied to. t-he' lce'lluloid, preferably .to its iunder"h side to savoidiaits =injury-from the rzuseitsf Ehand. By: Eineans: ofi 2 the 11 .=transparent noterscale guard-g" it is easy'to ascertain thepitch of any ofi-ztheiapertures onlperfo'rations :as the 1 5. giiardi eallows'wa perfect [view .ofwhatever isgunder it as 1well 'as the sheet: immediately r preceding'andi following that; position'. ;.The A flexibility! of the guard gb aids the inserting and-=removing:- of the. miisiof-sheets -without 2Q detachin'g theguardmd (1.111 v-3 uYVith any! ilarge scale? of automatic: m'u'sim: sheetitiis desirable that: some icompensation' be? provided for its expansion-= and! ICOHfiIaCf tion, '&c.-,- i to lj -its' perfora tions or .equivel galiitmliotelindicati'onsr withbthe note-control 1 apertures i ofi .a' tracker: Ior equivalents athere'e of.m;Certaii1 a'rnangeme'ntspofi such; compen-zsatingradev'ices 2 are' shown in applicanfls'i isn sued Batnt 5,270, -=,Oct1 29pm 1190 11,! 3Q whiohiembraces adj listing means-by which 1 the i adjustable tracker ma ibe -ifianiially' set; to uthel paiftioularalength of l the: imu'si'c spool F in: use at) the! :timesw the present applica.--.\ tion are shtiwn: -mea ns ibyi which the adjust 81f: able=eompoui1d scale reader'i =or. tracken i ll willibe lautornatically"set' to anyvlength of; and'lrgil'latd. itcn anyi variations of 4 the spool-- while tn (position, whether the spool is ope'r'-- atin'g or not; andlthe-pre'sentlsp'acing means it) have numerous tnovveladvantages; With the. expression vabvenpneumatics 1 of: the present instrument; and; graded music-sheet perforak tion's-=fo'r-.thein-control,- it is-better to havetheapertures :Of the, scalereader iadj ustable 451indi'viduallyi rather than :to average the: ad-

j ustmentuingroups-oii sections of a tracker with several note-apertures to each group ,or section-as formerlyg and for this present and any; other,-nses; where an accuracy of justifi- .'cation wis s-needed. the individual elements with-. a2single .note-control ;to each are best, as shown herein -ibesides the advantages of an apparatus iwher'e ':each note-control is separate; from andinsured against inter- 2 "ference' [from or with all others, and the further gain in opportunity of usingmetal or other durable material superior to i-wood, especially in tropical climates.-

f As the term' tracker tracker-board f tracker-bar or: tracker-range has become's'ettled inusage in this art to denote a single --b0ard or 4 bar containing an; entire? scal'eof pneumatic duet apertures, or a s'ec-V tion thereof comprising a considerable'nunn 65 'berU-of apertures jof thenscale, the. term scale-reader. is employed herein to denote" any aggregation: of- "*..-note-reading c aper-Q tures or equivalents whether contained in: a single board or bar or -in, fsections"- each' containing several -.,.note-r'ealders.i, and here-" inafteieicalled a .tfixiote-readingzapart-v, or having :.a ,si'ngle ,notejreadingnaperture or 1 equivalent to each note-reading element 2 23 as such single; n'otel devices! will: hereinafter bemalled. Thenfi; scale-reader; having two ornnore secti0ns%!( partsfi ;0ri elements to} iits scale {series iisraiowlgtermed \a-ir-ieom-i pounda 'scale-reader--.,- zand when variable to its spacing and length ofscale=is-1pecified aslan adj ustable' compoundscale-jreader.l l 0 i As;any;i single: adj-usting- 'member; tdwaryr; the? spacing-l between r all; cthen elementsmor ii parts ofian adjustable 'scale-ineaderiwould lbeg veryediffieulhto construct for ,a largeanumberii -of.-closely centered-elements.om parts} itagdsjggs preferable: toiemploy individual spacingrq means between each element or part 'andqjthe next one such asrtheitilting plates:t izishewn herein or wedges. on othernequivalent means. a

To gain leverage and aqnatural direction; of. 3 a:

movement: {01}; the actioni itheir- 1 spacingil, Ineans-,-- it is bestito-have theiends oi theiliii thi ing plates shaped 4 atanzangle to theirspaow ng parts, forming (a omnkil kez-vdevieea thez, arms being-fit any; angle m t l near a prl 395 proaching the ,-.genral linei ;of{ the series lot I; such'arms-thandp their spacing, parts thus ena i g-a better m reme tn yi'afio monn on o g e eansr s cit-,1 th n ta'e h l neh ti ting p tese tend aig t out: its nehoo crank-wise bentgspacin'gfineans asiitl lit is desirable to'shapethe-bentparts so{they milk ch e t yrgu ete th tqt emsides'zn or, more iof the elements or. l parts;and.; hus-, prevent any dis'placement: of the ispacing means frompits triie transverse .position to, the general .alinement ,of, thev 1 scale-reader; Each spacing-means has most eflicientaction, when extended beyond the elementsmrparts 0 at, bothsides\;of.thir.,g6 1. hflsdn?! suring true a'ction thereof by theicontrolling 1neans. EThe individual. spacing-means: as": t, especially when .nnmerous; 1 are :best ad-5 justed' by a single controller movement, but 15 when 'desired,.;may be individually adjusted-,1; asavhen with long sections or parts ofzseveral' notes each. Such ja single controller; is shown, designated" (2 arranged to actuate. all the spacing-means t. at one movementelfl'o bypressing'on the entire series and causing them to tilt toua greater degree and thusspread apart .all .the elements or zparts atgonce and to an 'equal amount between eachandevery one-and the. adjoining one; The$ spacing-means t being free-of attachment-1 to=the controllers dh-oritheflbals' b bwvill-tslide lengthwise of the scale together Zwithp the elements or parts and thus .the c'u nula-u tiveactio'n of the spacing movements is'pe11--130 l ioneie mitted, and the entire-scale "adjusted. Two series of spacing=means are shown, front and rear respectively,-that their combined action may keep all the'elements or parts 5 truly parallel to each other and at always equal 'angle to-the'face line of the scalereader, although'ihsome cases a. single serice; or even one intermning spaclng means between only two parts might answer 'the 1 "'c'onditi mis." Rigi'dly placed bars if, I)",

- supportthe tilting' platcs t .'agains't the pressure oi the controllingmeans c, Although the variation of widtlrofpaper of a in. width music-sheet is 'about" 1/10 in. the

'15 individual variation to each note-space of its Q0 in-. and-the movementnf its hrank arm say l/tl0fl ingconsequently some very accurate errangementi iif tilecontrolling means hecessary, and-"one tlhtflwill at some point haveainuph greaterniovement than 1/800 in.- :.F.orf these reasons the controller 0 is arranged to slide longitudihally a moderate vdistance;preferably to an extent equal to the slum Of-th variatinn of spade-of all the spacing-ineans,',.and its active movement in 40 direction similar-to that of the expansion of the scale-reader caused thereby, although this particular; amount and direction of longitutlinal Increment is only necessary when utilizing the same controller as the counteracting-means for causing the contraction of the adjustableseale-reader. Diagonal slots c inclined planes, toggles, or equivalent means are employed to cause the controllern'lcans c to have a slight transverse action when longitudinally moved, and by the transverse action move all the tilting-plate spacing-means as If by an equal move ment against the arms or ends of each, causing an equal'expansion' of every space between elements or parts. Regulating screws 6 or other suitable means may be provided by whiohto set the angle and de gree oftransverseLaet-ion of the controlller means c t To cause the elements or 00 parts of the sealemodel to contract when the controller-means is given a return movement, and this release its pressure on the spacing-means, springs .or other independent; dev-i'ce'sca-n be employed to move against the:me iagtenaeithe series of elements or parts and thereby compress them 'ah d their spacing-amass to a shorter scale measure, but such pressure mean-s would be inconvenient. and if a spring. cause needless friction. Therefore it is best to havefcou'nten' actinganeans controlled by the movemeiit of the controller-Inca 'ns and 'actingebi p y tl'icrclo on the adjustment action,' and' a1- rahgcd to have its movement-equal to tliat ol' the cumulative totalof':1ll'tl'1e Spelling mean:: movements but acting oppositely ihcrctu. lly this meansboth the expansion and connection movements will 'bepositiye. and of leastv possible friction, and aie eehtrollablc b one shifting means' eithenirian nu! or automatic. the controller return im'wc-iii'cnt is in the smnefinvction'as the ccutractive movement of the scale-ieadera luguor other connection placed 'on or connected to the controller-means and arranged-"$ to act against the moyin g end-member of the scale-reader will cause the scale-rader to contract throughout its series of; elements or parts, and to an equal amount between each two elements and parts, as governed by g the reverse action of thespacing ineansfi As wider music-sheets of paper; etcmrequire adjustable spools or flangestmguide the paper under its varying-condi tbilfns hif Width it. is very convenient mime the a'tl- &5 .justed length or spread of the spoolltutoma'tically regulate the ad'justm'enfi' of i'tlle spacing and length of the seale'-'t'eade1" m terrespond therewith; Such spool maybe Gi a manually adjustable or of a semi-ailitbniatii cally adjustable style. or be elteom'peasat ing a sin my issued Patent #669,3421Vlh. 5th. 1901. this last named being the best for the purpose. An 'nIIn g of a rock'er ls. arranged to engage and shift the eontiollei f s means to vary the adjustment of the ingand length of the scale-readcn and the arm 9 of this rocker (in this instance Of equal motion with the arm 9) is arrangedtb be shifted by the collar g of the musie spdol; the collar being on the longitudinal adjusting end of such spool. ()r the shi'fliili means can be arranged to be regulated' di rcctly or indirectly bv'or from any varia Je part of the spool as the flange, hub, or bearing pin. so long as such part has movement corresponding to the variation of the Width of the music-sheets; and the shifting ma'h's may be directly n'iechanic'al, or with" ili'ti vening pneumatic or electrical aids fahd i t fio be within the broad scopeofthefinintibh claimed herein. The" fetter-eat a 'sihg'l'e shifter and common controller iihaiis w'la plurality of elements or parts'fs'eetidn l' Je f h an adjustable scale-readerloiflf'of Th5 whatever particular masts-action-thedelfifl may be maybe utiliiedior cohtrolbyaction of the varying sheet, without interv'nt'ion of the spool, ts By pressinefrom the e bf H the sheet orfr'oin a series-cf perforations in 1'50 

